The development of border studies has led to radical changes in the perception of borderline areas, both in terms of space and time. The changes also concerned essential categories and methods for analysis: assumptions of the object of analysis (borders) being dematerialized and reproduced with the use of state policy (Nick Vaughan-Williams’s theory) have made researchers more sensitive to the discursive and symbolic aspects of borderline areas and their functioning (Parker… 2009), and to the practical and material dimensions of collective representations of borderline area communities (Madsen… 2003). Both theoretically and historically, borders have never been fixed categories, and the ways of their conceptualization and location have varied depending on time and space. Opis stanowi fragment Wprowadzenia.